The Centre will go in for a massive spending spree on infrastructure creation, healthcare, education, and demand generation to revive India’s pandemic-battered economy.
In her third budget presentation in the Parliament on Monday, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman proposed to unleash massive fiscal expansion in 2021-22 on the back of high borrowings, fire sales, and an agricultural cess.
However, no adverse impact is set to come on prices as the Centre made prior duty adjustments before imposing the cess.
The first budget after the Covid-19 outbreak got a thumbs-up from India Inc with the equity markets jumping around 5 percent in the day’s trade.
The biggest takeaway from the budget has been the Centre’s aggressive push to revive the economy via higher outlay for capital expenditure.
The FM proposed to increase capex by 34 percent in Budget 2021-22 in comparison to the previous fiscal BE (Budget Estimate).
In her Budget speech that lasted for around 1 hour and 45 minutes, Sitharaman doled out enormous amounts for railways, roadways, healthcare, education as well as the agriculture sector.
Capex alone has been proposed to be increased to Rs 5.54 lakh crore from Rs 4.12 lakh crore spending target in BE FY21.
Also, she proposed to institute a ‘Land Bank’ monetization company along with an asset management and reconstruction company or a ‘Bad Bank’ and a Development Financial Institution (DFI) which will fund infra projects.
Besides, the Finance Minister proposed to relax certain conditions which prohibited private funding, restriction on commercial activities, and direct investment in infrastructure to attract foreign sovereign wealth and pension funds to invest in domestic infra projects.
She laid out a new import structure along with proposals for a conducive environment to usher in investments into Fintech, insurance, and start-ups.
Further, Sitharaman proposed to give relief to those Non-Resident Indians who have returned to Indiabut who face the hardship of double taxation.
The minister set aside Rs 20,000 crore for public sector bank re-capitalization and gave a push to digital payments and research in Artificial Intelligence.
She also announced a vehicle scrappage policy, hydrogen energy mission, and rationalization of customs duty structure by eliminating outdated exemptions.
On the personal tax front, the exemption was proposed from filing income tax returns for senior citizens with the age of 75 years and above, and who only have a pension and interest income.
The dividend payments to Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) from tax deduction at source (TDS) have been exempted.
Apart from exemptions, the budget envisages the constitution of a Dispute Resolution Committee for small taxpayers.
In terms of shoring up the Centre’s revenues, Sitharaman proposed an asset monetization pipeline.
She also set a massive divestment target of Rs 1.75 lakh crore.
However, Covid-19 prevented the Centre from achieving the FY21 target, with collections only coming in at Rs 19,499 crore.
In FY22, the Centre plans to divest two public sector banks, as well as a state-owned general insurance company.
Even the IPO route will be considered for LIC to augment falling revenues.
The sale of certain projects such as city gas pipelines, roads, and ports are expected to give some relief to the Centre.
But here as well, the fine print suggests hiving off these assets after their completion.
An Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess on excise and customs duties will kick-in to augment the Centre’s coffers.
Consequently, the fiscal deficit for next year is set at 6.8 percent from 9.5 percent for FY21, out of which the Centre plans to borrow Rs 80,000 crore by the end of the current fiscal.
Sitharaman proposed to amend the FRBM Act to institute more elasticity and return to a fiscal deficit level below 4.5 per cent of GDP by 2025-2026.
The FRBM Act mandates a fiscal deficit of 3 per cent of GDP that needs to be achieved by March 31, 2020-2021.
In addition, she said the first budget post the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic has ample opportunities for growth and economic reset.
She said that in the post-Covid world, India is well-positioned to benefit from the new realignments in the economic and political spheres.
