With the smoke from the burning of paddy stubble in Punjab and Haryana blowing to the national capital and its surrounding regions, the air quality of the region dipped to the ‘very poor’ category on Wednesday. This marks the beginning of the highly-polluted season that goes on to last for about three months.
With stubble burning, the air pollution reaches a crescendo in Delhi-NCR every winter, when pollutants combine with the suspended water droplets in the lower atmosphere to form a thick blanket of noxious smog, thus creating health hazards for the residents.
According to the data of the Central Pollution Control Board, out of 35 pollution monitoring stations, the air quality index in as many as 22 stations, including R.K. Puram, Rohini, was in the poor category. Twelve stations, including one at IGI airport, JNU, etc., recorded the index in the moderate category, while one station logged the ‘very poor’ category.
The overall air quality near Mundka in West Delhi stood at 308 micrograms per cubic in the very poor category, followed by 290 at Delhi Technical University (DTU) area. Very poor air quality causes respiratory illness on prolonged exposure, warned CPCB.
The synergized fire counts aggregated over Punjab, Haryana, and neighboring border regions were found to be 336, as per the System of Air Quality Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR).
“The boundary layer wind direction and speed are favorable for slow transport from the external emission sources and local conditions are conducive for the accumulation of pollutants in Delhi,” air quality forecasting system stated in their daily bulletin.
“Reduction in wind speed and lowering temperature between October 15 to 20 would further aggravate the situation, resulting in deterioration of the air quality,” Head of the IMD’s regional forecasting center Kuldeep Srivastava told IANS.
Kamal Narayan, CEO of Integrated Health and Wellbeing Council said that there is a need to tackle air pollution during Covid-19 times as a combination of both can have a far more damaging impact on people’s health. “They need to develop an economical alternative to stubble burning and making it available to farmers is the need of the hour.”
Burning of stubble in the agricultural states surrounding Delhi marks the beginning of a highly-polluted period. The farmers harvest paddy in October, which leaves them about three weeks before the next round of wheat sowing is to begin.
With cheap labor no longer available, and with machinery to extract the crop residue or stubble expensive or unavailable, the farmers resort to the easiest possible option, which is to burn the fields.
According to the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, burning of one tonne of rice crop residue releases about 13 kilograms of particulate matter, 60 kg of carbon monoxide, and 1,460 kg of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases.
With the pollution mounting to dangerous levels, the Centre and state governments have also leaped into action. The Centre has deputed 50 Central Pollution Control Board teams to monitor stubble burning and help in implementing measures to combat pollution in Delhi-NCR.
Whereas the Delhi government started preparing a liquid solution for spraying it on the 700 hectares of farm fields in the national capital to soften the stubble to curb stubble burning. The spraying of this solution will start on October 11.
The Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority, in a report submitted to the top court on September 30, said that the state governments should take action to provide the assistance to farmers to carry out smart straw management and impose strict enforcement against violators.
