Artificial intelligence is one of the branches of computer science which deals with intelligent machines and it plays a prominent role in the development of technology. These intelligent machines are created to work and react like humans. The artificial intelligence is designed to perform a few tasks such as speech
• Recognition
• Learning
• Planning and
• problem-solving
This artificial intelligence is also having few core traits which are reasoning, knowledge problem solving, perception, learning, planning and the ability to manipulate and move objects.
Learning:
There are many forms of learning in artificial intelligence and the simplest way is trial and error.
For example: if you are playing chess in a simple computer program for finding the mate, it first matches all the possible mates randomly until the mate is found. Them the program store the solution to that position so that if it gets the same position next time it directly finds its mate. This is called rote learning and another point is generalization which analyses the past experiences to solve the new situations.
Reasoning:
The reasoning is to make an exact conclusion about a situation for example- a person may be in school or at home if he’s not at home so obviously he will be at school. There are two types of inferences i.e. conclusions they are inductive and deductive. In inductive, the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion and in deductive the truth premises support the truth of the conclusion without giving any assurance. Inductive reasoning is mostly used in science, in collecting data and research and creating models to develop and predict the future behavior. Deductive reasoning is mostly used in mathematics and logic in which theorems are built and done numerically.
Problem-solving:
Problem-solving in artificial intelligence refers to the systematic process in which a wide range of possible actions is arranged in order to reach a goal or to solve a problem as a solution. The problem-solving method is also divided into two parts general purpose and special purpose. Special purpose problem solving is like a method is developed specifically to a type of problem with special features it is not used for all type of problems. And in contrast, general purpose problem solving is like a solution making the procedure for many problems with may arise frequently and it can be applicable to any type of problems.
Perception:
Now a day’s artificial perception is well advanced to enable optical sensors to identify individuals, the speed limit on the roads and robots in restaurants etc.
Language:
Language is a system of signs through which others can easily understand. For example traffic signals, danger sign these represent a few signs which people should do or not do. We can write in computer languages to program artificial intelligence to get a question or answer statement in a human spoken language.
Knowledge:
Knowledge engineering is one of the main important parts of artificial intelligence. Machines can act and react to humans only if they have enough sources or information about the world. Artificial intelligence needs to have knowledge about all problem solving, reasoning, planning methods then only it can perform efficiently. Robotics is the great example of artificial intelligence which is given a program and acts like a human performs all the works problem solving, planning, learning, reasoning etc.
